/* =====================================================================
   Brahmavidya: site.css
   One stylesheet for every page. Colours, type and spacing live in the
   tokens below; change a token and the whole site follows.
   Typeface: BV Nanda for everything (Latin + IAST). Devanagari falls to
   BV Chitkala and Kannada to Praja Unicode automatically (unicode-range).
   ===================================================================== */

/* ---------- Fonts (all made at Brahmavidya) ---------- */
@font-face { font-family: "BV Nanda"; src: url(../../assets/fonts/BVNanda-Regular.woff2) format("woff2"); font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: "BV Nanda"; src: url(../../assets/fonts/BVNanda-Italic.woff2) format("woff2"); font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: "BV Nanda"; src: url(../../assets/fonts/BVNanda-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"); font-weight: 700; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: "BV Nanda"; src: url(../../assets/fonts/BVNanda-BoldItalic.woff2) format("woff2"); font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: "BV Chitkala"; src: url(../../assets/fonts/BVChitkala-Regular.woff2) format("woff2"); font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; unicode-range: U+0900-097F, U+1CD0-1CFF, U+A8E0-A8FF, U+200C-200D, U+25CC; }
@font-face { font-family: "BV Chitkala"; src: url(../../assets/fonts/BVChitkala-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"); font-weight: 700; font-display: swap; unicode-range: U+0900-097F, U+1CD0-1CFF, U+A8E0-A8FF, U+200C-200D, U+25CC; }
@font-face { font-family: "Praja Unicode"; src: url(../../assets/fonts/PrajaUnicode-Regular.woff2) format("woff2"); font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; unicode-range: U+0C80-0CFF, U+0964-0965, U+200C-200D, U+25CC; }
@font-face { font-family: "Praja Unicode"; src: url(../../assets/fonts/PrajaUnicode-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"); font-weight: 700; font-display: swap; unicode-range: U+0C80-0CFF, U+0964-0965, U+200C-200D, U+25CC; }
@font-face { font-family: "BV Matanga"; src: url(../../assets/fonts/BVMatanga-Regular.woff2) format("woff2"); font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: "BV Matanga"; src: url(../../assets/fonts/BVMatanga-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"); font-weight: 700; font-display: swap; }
/* Tiny cut of BV Matanga with only ಮತಂಗ (1.9 KB) so the word shows in its own face at once. Regenerate with:
   pyftsubset BVMatanga-Regular.ttf --text="ಮತಂಗ" --layout-features='*' --flavor=woff2 --output-file=BVMatanga-Mark.woff2 */
@font-face { font-family: "BV Matanga Mark"; src: url(../../assets/fonts/BVMatanga-Mark.woff2) format("woff2"); font-weight: 400; font-display: block; }

/* ---------- Tokens ----------
   Colours are the ORIGINAL brahmavidya.co.in scheme (Astra/Elementor site, 2025-26):
   blush header #faede0, cream footer #ffebcd, brown #775622 and #4c3508, menu violet
   #605be5, link blue #046bd2, slate Subscribe #2c3338. Keep them. */
:root {
  --font: "BV Nanda", "BV Chitkala", "Praja Unicode", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;

  --paper: #ffffff;        /* page background */
  --ivory: #faede0;        /* alternate band: the original header blush */
  --sand: #ffebcd;         /* quote band: the original footer cream */
  --card: #ffffff;
  --ink: #3a3631;          /* body text */
  --head: #4c3508;         /* headings: the original deep brown */
  --ink-2: #5d574f;        /* secondary text */
  --muted: #7a7a7a;
  --line: #ead9c4;
  --madder: #775622;       /* primary (buttons, active tabs): the original footer brown */
  --madder-2: #5e4319;
  --on-madder: #ffffff;
  --madder-soft: #f6e7d6;  /* primary container */
  --accent: #605be5;       /* menu: current page, underline, highlighted link */
  --on-accent: #ffffff;
  --link: #046bd2;         /* text links */
  --deep: #4c3508;         /* deep band */
  --on-deep: #fff6e8;
  --bronze: #89632e;       /* small labels, header divider */
  --focus: #605be5;
  --header-bg: #faede0;
  --nav-ink: #333333;      /* menu words: the original slate */
  --footer-bg: #ffebcd; --footer-head: #4c3508; --footer-text: #6b645b; --footer-link: #046bd2; --footer-icon: #775622;
  --footer-bar: #775622; --on-footer-bar: #ffffff;
  --fab-bg: #2c3338; --fab-fg: #ffffff;
  --flush-bg: #4c3508; --flush-fg: #ffffff;
  --menu-bg: #ffffff; --menu-line: #e6e1da;
  --shadow-1: 0 1px 2px rgba(60,40,10,.08), 0 1px 3px rgba(60,40,10,.06);
  --shadow-2: 0 2px 6px rgba(60,40,10,.10), 0 8px 24px rgba(60,40,10,.08);
  --shadow-3: 0 4px 10px rgba(30,30,30,.16), 0 14px 34px rgba(30,30,30,.16);

  --r-s: 8px; --r-m: 14px; --r-l: 22px; --r-pill: 999px;
  --wrap: 1180px;
  --read: 72ch;
  --gut: clamp(16px, 4vw, 32px);
  --band: clamp(48px, 6vw, 84px);
  --ease: cubic-bezier(.2, 0, 0, 1);
  color-scheme: light;
}
/* Dark theme. Applies when the device is dark (unless the visitor chose light with the
   header switch), or when the visitor chose dark. site.js sets <html data-theme="..."> */
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root:not([data-theme="light"]) {
    --paper: #16120d; --ivory: #211a12; --sand: #2a2116; --card: #1e1811;
    --ink: #ece3d6; --head: #f0cf95; --ink-2: #cfc4b4; --muted: #a59a8a; --line: #3a2f22;
    --madder: #d9a75a; --madder-2: #e8bd78; --on-madder: #241706; --madder-soft: #3a2c18;
    --accent: #a8a5ff; --on-accent: #14123a; --link: #7db6ff;
    --deep: #2a2013; --on-deep: #f3e6d0; --bronze: #d9b273; --focus: #a8a5ff;
    --header-bg: #221a11; --nav-ink: #e9dfd0;
    --footer-bg: #211a12; --footer-head: #f0cf95; --footer-text: #cfc4b4; --footer-link: #7db6ff; --footer-icon: #d9a75a;
    --footer-bar: #3a2a14; --on-footer-bar: #f3e6d0;
    --fab-bg: #3b444b; --fab-fg: #ffffff;
    --flush-bg: #f0cf95; --flush-fg: #241706;
    --menu-bg: #241d14; --menu-line: #3a2f22;
    --shadow-1: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.4); --shadow-2: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.45); --shadow-3: 0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.55);
    color-scheme: dark;
  }
}
:root[data-theme="dark"] {
    --paper: #16120d; --ivory: #211a12; --sand: #2a2116; --card: #1e1811;
    --ink: #ece3d6; --head: #f0cf95; --ink-2: #cfc4b4; --muted: #a59a8a; --line: #3a2f22;
    --madder: #d9a75a; --madder-2: #e8bd78; --on-madder: #241706; --madder-soft: #3a2c18;
    --accent: #a8a5ff; --on-accent: #14123a; --link: #7db6ff;
    --deep: #2a2013; --on-deep: #f3e6d0; --bronze: #d9b273; --focus: #a8a5ff;
    --header-bg: #221a11; --nav-ink: #e9dfd0;
    --footer-bg: #211a12; --footer-head: #f0cf95; --footer-text: #cfc4b4; --footer-link: #7db6ff; --footer-icon: #d9a75a;
    --footer-bar: #3a2a14; --on-footer-bar: #f3e6d0;
    --fab-bg: #3b444b; --fab-fg: #ffffff;
    --flush-bg: #f0cf95; --flush-fg: #241706;
    --menu-bg: #241d14; --menu-line: #3a2f22;
    --shadow-1: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.4); --shadow-2: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.45); --shadow-3: 0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.55);
    color-scheme: dark;
}

/* ---------- Base ---------- */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; scroll-behavior: smooth; scroll-padding-top: 88px; }
body {
  margin: 0; background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font); font-size: clamp(17px, 1.05vw + 12px, 19px); line-height: 1.68;
  font-feature-settings: "kern", "liga"; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
img, video, iframe { max-width: 100%; display: block; }
img { height: auto; }
img.framed, .card img, .person img, .figure img, .gallery img { outline: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08); outline-offset: -1px; }
h1, h2, h3, h4 { font-family: var(--font); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.12; margin: 0 0 .5em; text-wrap: balance; color: var(--head); }
.hero :is(h1, h2, h3), .band-deep :is(h1, h2, h3) { color: inherit; }
h1 { font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 4.6vw, 3.6rem); letter-spacing: -.005em; }
h2 { font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 2.5rem); }
h3 { font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 1.8vw, 1.55rem); }
h4 { font-size: 1.1rem; }
p { margin: 0 0 1em; text-wrap: pretty; }
a { color: var(--link); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
a:hover { text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }
:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--focus); outline-offset: 2px; border-radius: 4px; }
strong { font-weight: 700; }
[lang="sa"], [lang="hi"], [lang="kn"] { line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 0 !important; text-transform: none !important; }
.i { width: 1.25em; height: 1.25em; fill: currentColor; flex: none; }
.wrap { width: min(var(--wrap), 100% - 2 * var(--gut)); margin-inline: auto; }
.sr-only { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0 0 0 0); white-space: nowrap; }
.skip { position: absolute; left: 12px; top: -60px; z-index: 100; background: var(--madder); color: var(--on-madder); padding: 10px 16px; border-radius: var(--r-s); transition: top .2s var(--ease); }
.skip:focus { top: 12px; }

/* ---------- Header & navigation (Material 3) ----------
   Desktop: one pill indicator glides between items (moved by site.js) and rests
   on the current section. Menus unfold from the top; their links stagger in.
   Phones: full-screen menu; sub-menus slide open (height set by site.js). */
.site-header { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 40; background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--header-bg) 94%, transparent); backdrop-filter: saturate(1.4) blur(12px); -webkit-backdrop-filter: saturate(1.4) blur(12px); border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; transition: box-shadow .3s var(--ease), border-color .3s var(--ease), background-color .3s var(--ease); }
.site-header.is-scrolled { border-bottom-color: var(--line); box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(36,30,24,.06), 0 6px 18px -8px rgba(36,30,24,.18); }
.header-in { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 20px; min-height: 88px; padding-block: 6px; }
.brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; margin-right: auto; border-radius: var(--r-s); }
.brand-logo { flex: none; width: 74px; height: auto; border-radius: 4px; transition: transform .5s cubic-bezier(.34, 1.56, .64, 1); }
.brand:hover .brand-logo { transform: rotate(-4deg) scale(1.05); }
.brand-rule { flex: none; width: 2px; align-self: stretch; margin-block: 6px; background: var(--bronze); border-radius: 2px; }
.brand-text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.3; color: var(--bronze); font-size: 1.02rem; font-weight: 700; }
.brand-text > span { white-space: nowrap; }
.brand-name { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0 0 0 0); white-space: nowrap; }
@media (max-width: 560px) { .brand-logo { width: 58px; } .brand-text { font-size: .9rem; } .brand { gap: 10px; } }
.menu-btn { display: none; }

.nav-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 4px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 2px; position: relative; }
.nav-ind { position: absolute; left: 0; bottom: 6px; height: 2px; width: 0; border-radius: 2px; background: var(--accent); opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; z-index: 2;
  transition: transform .45s cubic-bezier(.3, 1.3, .45, 1), width .45s cubic-bezier(.3, 1.3, .45, 1), opacity .25s var(--ease); }
.nav-ind.no-anim { transition: none; }
.nav-item { position: relative; z-index: 1; display: flex; align-items: center; height: 40px; border-radius: var(--r-pill); }
.nav-link { display: flex; align-items: center; height: 40px; padding: 0 12px; border-radius: var(--r-s); color: var(--nav-ink); text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.02rem; font-weight: 700; white-space: nowrap; transition: color .2s var(--ease); }
.nav-item:hover > .nav-link, .nav-item:focus-within > .nav-link { color: var(--accent); }
.nav-item.is-active > .nav-link { color: var(--accent); }
.has-sub > .nav-link { padding-right: 2px; }
.sub-toggle { display: inline-grid; place-items: center; width: 30px; height: 40px; padding: 0 6px 0 0; border: 0; background: none; color: var(--muted); cursor: pointer; border-radius: 0 var(--r-pill) var(--r-pill) 0; }
.sub-toggle .i { width: 20px; height: 20px; transition: transform .35s cubic-bezier(.2, 0, 0, 1); }
.nav-item.is-active > .sub-toggle, .nav-item:hover > .sub-toggle { color: var(--accent); }

/* dropdown: Material menu surface */
.sub { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 8px; position: absolute; top: calc(100% + 8px); left: 0; min-width: 260px; background: var(--menu-bg); border: 1px solid var(--menu-line); border-radius: 16px; box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(36,30,24,.08), 0 14px 36px -6px rgba(36,30,24,.22);
  opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; transform: translateY(-6px) scale(.96); transform-origin: 24px 0;
  transition: opacity .18s var(--ease), transform .28s cubic-bezier(.2, 0, 0, 1), visibility 0s linear .28s; }
.has-sub::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; top: 100%; height: 12px; } /* hover bridge to the menu */
.sub li { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-4px); transition: opacity .2s var(--ease), transform .3s cubic-bezier(.2, 0, 0, 1); transition-delay: 0s; }
.sub a { position: relative; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; min-height: 44px; padding: 8px 14px; border-radius: 10px; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; font-size: .96rem; overflow: hidden; transition: background-color .2s var(--ease), color .2s var(--ease), padding-left .25s cubic-bezier(.2, 0, 0, 1); }
.sub a::before { content: ""; width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 50%; background: currentColor; flex: none; transform: scale(0); margin-right: -16px; transition: transform .25s cubic-bezier(.34, 1.56, .64, 1), margin-right .25s cubic-bezier(.2, 0, 0, 1); }
.sub a:hover, .sub a:focus-visible { background: var(--accent); color: var(--on-accent); padding-left: 16px; }
.sub a:hover::before, .sub a:focus-visible::before { transform: scale(1); margin-right: 0; }
.sub a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 700; }
.sub a[aria-current="page"]:hover { color: var(--on-accent); }
.sub a[aria-current="page"]::before { transform: scale(1); margin-right: 0; }

@media (min-width: 1081px) {
  .has-sub:hover > .sub, .has-sub.is-open > .sub, .has-sub:focus-within > .sub { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; transform: none; transition-delay: 0s; }
  .has-sub:hover > .sub li, .has-sub.is-open > .sub li, .has-sub:focus-within > .sub li { opacity: 1; transform: none; transition-delay: calc(var(--i, 0) * 32ms + 40ms); }
  .has-sub:hover > .sub-toggle .i, .has-sub.is-open > .sub-toggle .i { transform: rotate(180deg); }
}
@media (hover: none) and (min-width: 1081px) { .has-sub:hover > .sub { opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; } .has-sub.is-open > .sub { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; } }

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  /* backdrop-filter would trap the fixed menu panel inside the header, so the header is solid here */
  .site-header { background: var(--header-bg); backdrop-filter: none; -webkit-backdrop-filter: none; }
  .nav-ind { display: none; }
  .menu-btn { position: relative; overflow: hidden; display: inline-grid; place-items: center; width: 48px; height: 48px; border: 0; border-radius: var(--r-pill); background: transparent; color: var(--ink); cursor: pointer; transition: background-color .2s var(--ease); }
  .menu-btn:hover { background: var(--madder-soft); }
  .menu-btn .i { width: 26px; height: 26px; grid-area: 1 / 1; transition: transform .35s cubic-bezier(.2, 0, 0, 1), opacity .2s var(--ease); }
  .menu-btn .i-close { opacity: 0; transform: rotate(-90deg) scale(.6); }
  .menu-open .menu-btn .i-open { opacity: 0; transform: rotate(90deg) scale(.6); }
  .menu-open .menu-btn .i-close { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
  .site-nav { position: fixed; inset: 88px 0 0 0; background: var(--header-bg); overflow-y: auto; padding: 8px var(--gut) 120px; opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; transition: opacity .22s var(--ease), visibility 0s .22s; }
  .menu-open .site-nav { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; transition-delay: 0s; }
  .menu-open { overflow: hidden; }
  .nav-list { flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; gap: 0; padding: 0; }
  .nav-item { flex-wrap: wrap; height: auto; border-radius: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); opacity: 0; transform: translateY(10px); transition: opacity .3s var(--ease), transform .4s cubic-bezier(.2, 0, 0, 1); }
  .menu-open .nav-item { opacity: 1; transform: none; transition-delay: calc(var(--i, 0) * 35ms + 60ms); }
  .nav-link { flex: 1; height: auto; padding: 14px 6px; font-size: 1.12rem; border-radius: 0; }
  .sub-toggle { width: 48px; height: 48px; padding: 0; border-radius: var(--r-pill); }
  .sub-toggle:hover { background: var(--madder-soft); }
  .sub { position: static; width: 100%; min-width: 0; border: 0; box-shadow: none; background: none; padding: 0 0 0 10px; border-radius: 0; opacity: 1; visibility: visible; transform: none; max-height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition: max-height .35s cubic-bezier(.2, 0, 0, 1); }
  .has-sub.is-open > .sub { padding-bottom: 10px; }
  .has-sub.is-open > .sub-toggle .i { transform: rotate(180deg); }
  .sub li { transform: translateX(-8px); }
  .has-sub.is-open > .sub li { opacity: 1; transform: none; transition-delay: calc(var(--i, 0) * 30ms + 60ms); }
  .sub a { font-size: 1.02rem; }
  .has-sub::after { display: none; }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) { .brand-sub { display: none; } }

/* ---------- Page heads & bands ---------- */
.page-head { background: var(--ivory); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); padding: clamp(40px, 6vw, 76px) 0 clamp(32px, 4vw, 52px); }
.page-head .kicker { margin-bottom: 10px; }
.page-head h1 { margin-bottom: .3em; max-width: 22ch; }
.page-head .lead { font-size: clamp(1.08rem, 1.4vw, 1.25rem); color: var(--ink-2); max-width: 62ch; margin: 0; }
.kicker { display: block; font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--bronze); }
.band { padding: var(--band) 0; }
.band + .band { padding-top: 0; }
.band-alt { background: var(--ivory); border-block: 1px solid var(--line); }
.band-alt + .band, .band + .band-alt { padding-top: var(--band); }
.band-deep { background: var(--deep); color: var(--on-deep); }
.band-deep a:not(.btn) { color: #f0c9a8; }
.band-deep .kicker { color: #e2c08f; }
.band-deep p { color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--on-deep) 86%, transparent); }
.band-sand { background: var(--sand); }
.section-head { max-width: 68ch; margin-bottom: clamp(24px, 3vw, 40px); }
.section-head p { color: var(--ink-2); font-size: 1.08rem; }
.prose { max-width: var(--read); }
.prose h2 { margin-top: 1.6em; }
.prose h3 { margin-top: 1.4em; }
.prose > :first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.prose ul, .prose ol { padding-left: 1.3em; margin: 0 0 1.2em; }
.prose li { margin-bottom: .35em; }
.prose li::marker { color: var(--bronze); }
.center { text-align: center; }
.muted { color: var(--muted); }
.small { font-size: .9rem; }

/* ---------- Buttons (Material 3, with a sweeping "flush" fill on hover) ---------- */
.btn {
  --btn-bg: transparent; --btn-fg: var(--madder); --btn-flush: var(--madder); --btn-flush-fg: var(--on-madder);
  position: relative; isolation: isolate; overflow: hidden;
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 8px;
  min-height: 44px; padding: 10px 24px; border: 0; border-radius: var(--r-pill);
  background: var(--btn-bg); color: var(--btn-fg); font: inherit; font-size: .98rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .02em; line-height: 1.2;
  text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; white-space: nowrap;
  transition: color .28s var(--ease), box-shadow .28s var(--ease), transform .12s var(--ease);
}
.btn::before { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -1; background: var(--btn-flush); border-radius: inherit; transform: scaleX(0); transform-origin: left center; transition: transform .38s var(--ease); }
.btn:hover::before, .btn:focus-visible::before { transform: scaleX(1); }
.btn:hover, .btn:focus-visible { color: var(--btn-flush-fg); text-decoration: none; }
.btn:active { transform: scale(.97); }
.btn .i { width: 20px; height: 20px; }
.btn-filled { --btn-bg: var(--madder); --btn-fg: var(--on-madder); --btn-flush: var(--flush-bg); --btn-flush-fg: var(--flush-fg); box-shadow: var(--shadow-1); }
.btn-filled:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-2); }
.btn-tonal { --btn-bg: var(--madder-soft); --btn-fg: var(--ink); }
.btn-outline { box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px var(--line); }
.band-deep .btn-outline { --btn-fg: var(--on-deep); --btn-flush: var(--on-deep); --btn-flush-fg: var(--deep); box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.4); }
.btn[aria-disabled="true"], .btn:disabled { opacity: .5; pointer-events: none; }
.btn-row { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; margin-top: 20px; }
.ripple { position: absolute; border-radius: 50%; transform: scale(0); background: currentColor; opacity: .22; pointer-events: none; animation: ripple .6s var(--ease) forwards; z-index: 0; }
@keyframes ripple { to { transform: scale(2.6); opacity: 0; } }
.icon-btn { display: inline-grid; place-items: center; width: 44px; height: 44px; border: 0; border-radius: var(--r-pill); background: none; color: var(--ink-2); cursor: pointer; transition: background-color .2s var(--ease); }
.icon-btn:hover { background: var(--madder-soft); }

/* ---------- Subscribe: Material extended FAB ---------- */
.fab-subscribe {
  position: fixed; right: clamp(14px, 3vw, 28px); bottom: clamp(14px, 3vw, 28px); z-index: 50;
  isolation: isolate; overflow: hidden;
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; height: 56px; padding: 0 22px 0 18px;
  border: 0; border-radius: 16px; background: var(--fab-bg); color: var(--fab-fg);
  font: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .03em; cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-3);
  transition: color .3s var(--ease), box-shadow .3s var(--ease), transform .3s var(--ease), opacity .3s var(--ease);
}
.fab-subscribe::before { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -1; background: var(--accent); transform: scaleX(0); transform-origin: left center; transition: transform .42s var(--ease); }
.fab-subscribe::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -1; background: linear-gradient(105deg, transparent 30%, rgba(255,255,255,.35) 50%, transparent 70%); transform: translateX(-110%); }
.fab-subscribe:hover, .fab-subscribe:focus-visible { color: var(--on-accent); box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(30,30,30,.2), 0 18px 40px rgba(96,91,229,.3); }
.fab-subscribe:hover::before, .fab-subscribe:focus-visible::before { transform: scaleX(1); }
.fab-subscribe:hover::after { transform: translateX(110%); transition: transform .8s var(--ease) .12s; }
.fab-subscribe:active { transform: scale(.96); }
.fab-subscribe .i { width: 22px; height: 22px; transition: transform .3s var(--ease); }
.fab-subscribe:hover .i { transform: translateX(-2px) rotate(-8deg); }
.fab-subscribe.is-tucked, .menu-open .fab-subscribe { transform: translateY(140%); opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; }
@media (max-width: 560px) { .fab-subscribe { height: 52px; padding: 0 18px 0 16px; font-size: .95rem; } }
@media print { .fab-subscribe, .site-header, .site-footer { display: none !important; } }

.sub-dialog { border: 0; padding: 0; background: transparent; max-width: min(460px, calc(100vw - 32px)); width: 100%; color: var(--ink); }
.sub-dialog::backdrop { background: rgba(20,16,12,.48); backdrop-filter: blur(2px); }
.sub-dialog[open] { animation: dlg-in .26s var(--ease); }
@keyframes dlg-in { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(14px) scale(.98); } }
.sub-card { position: relative; background: var(--card); border-radius: 28px; padding: 32px 28px 24px; box-shadow: var(--shadow-3); }
.sub-card h2 { font-size: 1.6rem; margin-bottom: .35em; padding-right: 36px; }
.sub-card p { color: var(--ink-2); font-size: 1rem; }
.sub-x { position: absolute; top: 14px; right: 14px; }
.sub-card .btn { width: 100%; margin-top: 6px; min-height: 48px; }
.sub-note { font-size: .84rem !important; color: var(--muted) !important; margin: 14px 0 0; text-align: center; }
.sub-sink { display: none; }

/* ---------- Material outlined text field ---------- */
.field { position: relative; display: block; margin: 18px 0 14px; }
.field input, .field textarea, .field select { width: 100%; font: inherit; font-size: 1rem; color: var(--ink); background: transparent; border: 1px solid var(--muted); border-radius: var(--r-s); padding: 16px 14px 12px; min-height: 56px; transition: border-color .2s var(--ease), box-shadow .2s var(--ease); }
.field input:focus, .field textarea:focus { outline: none; border-color: var(--madder); box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px var(--madder); }
.field span { position: absolute; left: 10px; top: 16px; padding: 0 4px; background: var(--card); color: var(--muted); font-size: 1rem; pointer-events: none; transition: transform .18s var(--ease), color .18s var(--ease), font-size .18s var(--ease); transform-origin: left top; }
.field input:focus + span, .field input:not(:placeholder-shown) + span, .field textarea:focus + span, .field textarea:not(:placeholder-shown) + span { transform: translateY(-26px); font-size: .8rem; color: var(--madder); }

/* ---------- Cards & grids ---------- */
.grid { display: grid; gap: clamp(16px, 2vw, 24px); }
.grid-2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(100%, 420px), 1fr)); }
.grid-3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(100%, 300px), 1fr)); }
.grid-4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(100%, 240px), 1fr)); }
.card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; background: var(--card); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--r-l); overflow: hidden; color: inherit; text-decoration: none; transition: box-shadow .25s var(--ease), transform .25s var(--ease), border-color .25s var(--ease); }
a.card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-2); transform: translateY(-2px); border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--madder) 30%, var(--line)); color: inherit; }
.card-media { aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; background: var(--ivory); overflow: hidden; }
.card-media img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; outline: 0; }
.card-media.contain img { object-fit: contain; padding: 18px; }
.card-body { padding: 22px 22px 24px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1; }
.card-body h3 { margin-bottom: .35em; }
.card-body p { color: var(--ink-2); font-size: .98rem; margin-bottom: .8em; }
.card-body .more { margin-top: auto; font-weight: 700; color: var(--madder); display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; }
.card .kicker { margin-bottom: 8px; }
.tag { display: inline-block; font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .04em; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: var(--r-pill); background: var(--madder-soft); color: var(--ink); }

/* split: text beside a picture */
.split { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.05fr .95fr; gap: clamp(28px, 5vw, 64px); align-items: center; }
.split.flip > :first-child { order: 2; }
.split img { border-radius: var(--r-m); }
@media (max-width: 860px) { .split { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .split.flip > :first-child { order: 0; } }

/* figure */
.figure { margin: 0; }
.figure img { border-radius: var(--r-m); width: 100%; }
.figure figcaption { font-size: .88rem; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 8px; line-height: 1.4; }

/* people */
.person { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(200px, 300px) 1fr; gap: clamp(22px, 4vw, 48px); padding: clamp(28px, 4vw, 44px) 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.person:first-of-type { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
.person-photo img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4 / 5; object-fit: cover; border-radius: var(--r-m); background: var(--ivory); }
.person h3 { font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 2.2vw, 1.85rem); margin-bottom: .2em; }
.person .role { color: var(--bronze); font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 1em; display: block; }
@media (max-width: 720px) { .person { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .person-photo { max-width: 320px; } }

/* facts / definition lists */
.facts { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(100%, 220px), 1fr)); gap: 14px; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.facts li { background: var(--card); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--r-m); padding: 16px 18px; }
.facts b { display: block; font-size: 1.05rem; }
.facts span { color: var(--muted); font-size: .92rem; }

/* course blocks */
.course { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr; gap: clamp(20px, 3vw, 36px); align-items: start; background: var(--card); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--r-l); padding: clamp(18px, 2.4vw, 28px); }
.course + .course { margin-top: 20px; }
.course-cover { grid-column: 1 / -1; border-radius: var(--r-m); overflow: hidden; }
.course-cover img { width: 100%; }
.course h3 { margin-bottom: .2em; }
.course .sub-title { font-style: italic; color: var(--ink-2); margin-bottom: .8em; display: block; }
.course-learn img { border-radius: var(--r-m); width: 100%; }
@media (max-width: 760px) { .course { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
.two-col-list { columns: 2 280px; column-gap: 40px; }
.two-col-list li { break-inside: avoid; }

/* tabs (Musicology Day years) */
.tabs { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; margin: 0 0 28px; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.tab { font: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-size: 1rem; min-height: 44px; padding: 8px 22px; border-radius: var(--r-pill); border: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--card); color: var(--ink); cursor: pointer; transition: background-color .2s var(--ease), color .2s var(--ease), border-color .2s var(--ease); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.tab:hover { background: var(--madder-soft); }
.tab[aria-selected="true"] { background: var(--madder); color: var(--on-madder); border-color: var(--madder); }
.js .tab-panel[hidden] { display: none; }
.tab-panel > h3 { margin-top: 1.6em; }
.awardees { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(100%, 230px), 1fr)); gap: 18px; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.awardee { background: var(--card); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--r-l); overflow: hidden; }
.awardee img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 1; object-fit: cover; }
.awardee .ph { aspect-ratio: 1; display: grid; place-items: center; background: var(--ivory); color: var(--bronze); font-size: 3rem; font-weight: 700; }
.awardee div { padding: 14px 16px 18px; }
.awardee b { display: block; line-height: 1.3; }
.awardee span { color: var(--muted); font-size: .92rem; display: block; margin-top: 4px; line-height: 1.4; }
.awardees.text-only .awardee div { padding: 18px; }

/* video cards (click to play: loads YouTube only when asked) */
.videos { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(100%, 300px), 1fr)); gap: 18px; }
.video { position: relative; border-radius: var(--r-m); overflow: hidden; background: #000; aspect-ratio: 16/9; }
.video button { all: unset; cursor: pointer; position: absolute; inset: 0; display: block; }
.video img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; opacity: .9; transition: opacity .2s var(--ease), transform .4s var(--ease); }
.video button:hover img { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1.03); }
.video .play { position: absolute; left: 50%; top: 50%; width: 68px; height: 48px; margin: -24px 0 0 -34px; border-radius: 14px; background: rgba(125,48,43,.92); display: grid; place-items: center; }
.video .play::after { content: ""; border-left: 18px solid #fff; border-block: 11px solid transparent; margin-left: 4px; }
.video iframe { width: 100%; height: 100%; border: 0; }
.video-title { font-size: .95rem; margin-top: 8px; color: var(--ink-2); line-height: 1.4; }

/* gallery + lightbox */
.gallery { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(min(100%, 220px), 1fr)); gap: 10px; }
.gallery a { display: block; border-radius: var(--r-s); overflow: hidden; aspect-ratio: 4/3; background: var(--ivory); }
.gallery img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; transition: transform .4s var(--ease); }
.gallery a:hover img { transform: scale(1.04); }
.lightbox { border: 0; padding: 0; background: transparent; max-width: 96vw; max-height: 94vh; }
.lightbox::backdrop { background: rgba(10,8,6,.9); }
.lightbox img { max-width: 94vw; max-height: 84vh; border-radius: var(--r-s); margin: auto; }
.lightbox p { color: #eee; text-align: center; font-size: .95rem; margin: 10px 0 0; }
.lightbox .lb-close { position: fixed; top: 12px; right: 12px; color: #fff; background: rgba(0,0,0,.4); }
.lightbox .lb-nav { position: fixed; top: 50%; transform: translateY(-50%); color: #fff; background: rgba(0,0,0,.4); width: 52px; height: 52px; }
.lightbox .lb-prev { left: 10px; } .lightbox .lb-next { right: 10px; }

/* downloads */
.doc-list { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(min(100%, 200px), 1fr)); gap: 18px; }
.doc { display: flex; flex-direction: column; background: var(--card); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--r-l); overflow: hidden; }
.doc img { aspect-ratio: 3/4; object-fit: cover; object-position: top; width: 100%; background: var(--ivory); }
.doc div { padding: 14px 16px 16px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; flex: 1; }
.doc b { line-height: 1.3; }
.doc .btn { margin-top: auto; align-self: flex-start; min-height: 40px; padding: 8px 18px; font-size: .92rem; }

/* contact */
.contact-cards { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(100%, 380px), 1fr)); gap: 22px; }
.contact-card { background: var(--card); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--r-l); padding: clamp(22px, 3vw, 32px); }
.contact-card h2 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
.contact-list { list-style: none; margin: 16px 0 0; padding: 0; display: grid; gap: 4px; }
.contact-list a { display: flex; gap: 12px; align-items: flex-start; padding: 8px 10px; margin-inline: -10px; border-radius: var(--r-s); color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
.contact-list a:hover { background: var(--madder-soft); }
.contact-list .i { color: var(--madder); margin-top: 4px; }

/* quote */
.verse { text-align: center; }
.verse blockquote { margin: 0 auto; max-width: 900px; font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.6vw, 2.15rem); line-height: 1.6; }
.verse cite { display: block; font-style: normal; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 18px; font-size: 1.02rem; }

/* notice */
.notice { border-left: 4px solid var(--bronze); background: var(--ivory); padding: 16px 20px; border-radius: 0 var(--r-m) var(--r-m) 0; margin: 0 0 24px; }
.notice p:last-child { margin: 0; }

/* the word ಮತಂಗ set in BV Matanga (cards on Digital Tools and Downloads) */
.matanga-word { font-family: "BV Matanga Mark", "BV Matanga", serif; font-weight: 400; font-size: 3.2rem; line-height: 1.3; color: var(--madder); }

/* embedded tool (OCR) */
.tool-frame { width: 100%; height: min(86vh, 1100px); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--r-l); background: #fff; }

/* ---------- Footer: the original cream panel with a brown copyright strip ---------- */
.site-footer { background: var(--footer-bg); color: var(--footer-text); margin-top: 0; }
.footer-in { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.3fr repeat(3, 1fr) 1.4fr; gap: 32px; padding: clamp(40px, 5vw, 60px) 0 36px; }
.site-footer a { color: var(--footer-link); text-decoration: none; }
.site-footer a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.f-brand { text-align: center; }
.f-logo { display: inline-block; }
.f-logo img { width: 96px; height: auto; transition: transform .5s cubic-bezier(.34, 1.56, .64, 1); }
.f-logo:hover img { transform: rotate(-4deg) scale(1.05); }
.f-name { display: block; font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--footer-head); margin-top: 10px; }
.f-tag { color: var(--footer-text); font-size: .95rem; margin: 4px auto 0; max-width: 28ch; }
.f-title { font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--footer-head); margin: 4px 0 14px; }
.f-col ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: grid; gap: 8px; font-size: .97rem; }
.f-contact a { display: flex; gap: 10px; align-items: flex-start; color: var(--footer-text); }
.f-contact .i { margin-top: 3px; color: var(--footer-icon); }
.f-social { display: flex; justify-content: center; gap: 4px; margin-top: 12px; }
.soc { display: inline-grid; place-items: center; width: 44px; height: 44px; border-radius: var(--r-pill); color: var(--footer-icon) !important; transition: background-color .2s var(--ease), transform .3s cubic-bezier(.34, 1.56, .64, 1); }
.soc:hover { background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--footer-icon) 14%, transparent); transform: translateY(-2px); text-decoration: none !important; }
.footer-base { background: var(--footer-bar); color: var(--on-footer-bar); }
.footer-base-in { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; gap: 6px; text-align: center; padding: 18px 0 96px; font-size: .92rem; }
.footer-base p { margin: 0; }
.footer-base a { color: var(--on-footer-bar) !important; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
@media (max-width: 1000px) { .footer-in { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; } .f-brand, .f-contact { grid-column: 1 / -1; } }
@media (max-width: 520px) { .footer-in { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }

/* ---------- Home ---------- */
.hero { position: relative; min-height: min(86vh, 700px); display: grid; align-items: end; color: #fff9ee; background: #2a211a center / cover no-repeat; }
.hero::before { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(20,16,12,.78) 0%, rgba(20,16,12,.55) 48%, rgba(20,16,12,.2) 100%), linear-gradient(transparent 55%, rgba(20,16,12,.55)); }
.hero-in { position: relative; display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 720px) minmax(240px, 340px); gap: clamp(28px, 6vw, 70px); align-items: end; padding: clamp(96px, 14vw, 170px) 0 clamp(44px, 6vw, 64px); }
.hero .kicker { color: #e8c899; margin-bottom: 14px; }
.hero h1 { font-size: clamp(3.2rem, 9vw, 6.6rem); line-height: .9; margin-bottom: 20px; letter-spacing: .01em; }
.hero p { font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 1.8vw, 1.4rem); max-width: 40ch; color: #fffaf0; text-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.35); margin: 0; }
.hero-badge { border-left: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.55); padding: 6px 0 6px 22px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; }
.hero-badge b { display: block; font-size: 1.2rem; margin-bottom: 4px; }
.hero .btn-row { margin-top: 28px; }
.hero .btn-outline { --btn-fg: #fff; --btn-flush: #fff; --btn-flush-fg: var(--ink); box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.6); }
@media (max-width: 860px) { .hero-in { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .hero { background-position: 60% center; } }
.pillars { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 20px; }
.pillar { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 40% 60%; background: var(--card); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--r-l); overflow: hidden; min-height: 300px; }
.pillar-media { background: var(--ivory); }
.pillar-media img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; outline: 0; }
.pillar-body { padding: 26px 24px; }
.pillar-body p { color: var(--ink-2); font-size: .98rem; margin: 0; }
.pillar-wide { grid-column: 1 / -1; grid-template-columns: 32% 68%; }
@media (max-width: 900px) { .pillars { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .pillar, .pillar-wide { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .pillar-media { height: 230px; } }
.mini-gallery { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 12px; margin-top: 28px; }
.mini-gallery img { aspect-ratio: 4/3; object-fit: cover; border-radius: var(--r-s); width: 100%; }
@media (max-width: 700px) { .mini-gallery { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
.cta-row { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 24px 40px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.cta-row h2 { margin: 0; max-width: 26ch; }

/* ---------- Motion preferences ---------- */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after { animation-duration: .01ms !important; animation-iteration-count: 1 !important; transition-duration: .01ms !important; scroll-behavior: auto !important; }
}

/* ---------- Light / dark switch (Material icon button) ---------- */
.theme-btn { position: relative; overflow: hidden; display: inline-grid; place-items: center; flex: none; width: 44px; height: 44px; margin-left: 4px; border: 0; border-radius: var(--r-pill); background: transparent; color: var(--ink-2); cursor: pointer; transition: background-color .2s var(--ease), color .2s var(--ease), transform .12s var(--ease); }
.theme-btn:hover { background: var(--madder-soft); color: var(--ink); }
.theme-btn:active { transform: scale(.92); }
.theme-btn .i { grid-area: 1 / 1; width: 22px; height: 22px; transition: transform .5s cubic-bezier(.34, 1.4, .64, 1), opacity .25s var(--ease); }
.theme-btn .i-sun .rays { transform-origin: 12px 12px; transition: transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2, 0, 0, 1); }
.theme-btn .i-sun { opacity: 0; transform: rotate(-90deg) scale(.4); }
.theme-btn .i-sun .rays { transform: rotate(-45deg) scale(.6); }
.theme-btn:hover .i-moon { transform: rotate(-18deg); }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .theme-btn .i-moon { opacity: 0; transform: rotate(90deg) scale(.4); }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .theme-btn .i-sun { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .theme-btn .i-sun .rays { transform: none; }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .theme-btn:hover .i-sun .rays { transform: rotate(45deg); }
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root:not([data-theme="light"]) .theme-btn .i-moon { opacity: 0; transform: rotate(90deg) scale(.4); }
  :root:not([data-theme="light"]) .theme-btn .i-sun { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
  :root:not([data-theme="light"]) .theme-btn .i-sun .rays { transform: none; }
  :root:not([data-theme="light"]) .theme-btn:hover .i-sun .rays { transform: rotate(45deg); }
}
@media (max-width: 1080px) { .theme-btn { order: 2; margin-left: 0; } .menu-btn { order: 3; } }
/* the new theme spreads from the button (View Transitions); old browsers just fade colours */
::view-transition-old(root), ::view-transition-new(root) { animation: none; mix-blend-mode: normal; }
.theme-fade, .theme-fade * { transition: background-color .35s var(--ease), color .35s var(--ease), border-color .35s var(--ease) !important; }